The development and validation of a scale for measuring L2 learning experience: the underappreciated element of the L2 motivational self system

The current study developed and validated a holistic domain-specific scale for measuring the second language (L2) learning experience within framework of L2 Motivational Self System. Underpinned by positive psychology theories, preliminary item pool was generated through combining insights from extant measurements, interviews with Chinese learners various L2s (e.g. Japanese, French, German, Spanish), as well literature motivation. This (LLES) firstly piloted 302 language-major undergraduates further sample 304 students similar backgrounds. Both exploratory factor analysis confirmatory were conducted respectively to unravel its factorial structure examine model fit, validating 28-item LLES six dimensions Positive emotions; Negative Engagement; Relationship; Meaning; Accomplishment). Validity reliability analyses established convergent divergent validity scale, exhibiting robust psychometric properties. results revealed that is sound learners’ multifaceted could add new into motivational development.